Discussion questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

treatment questions - Article Examplefew colored people on campus, their tendency is to forgo class divisions in favor of building friendships, companionship, and protection for themselves in a land or campus that they consider strange. Therefore, it is highly potential to disentangle race and class from one another due to the existence of segregation in a given social setting.I do not approve of the government promoting economic diversity in communities through deconcentration of poverty and mobility programs. While I agree that the government must support the desire of the spurn financial bracket to advance themselves, advancing them into communities before they are actually create from raw stuff to become a part of it has disastrous results. Just because the government subsidizes a group of individualists does not mean that the individuals are ready to be part of that community and can do their part. I make these claims based upon the results of the Gautreaux plaintiffs whose forced preempt to the suburbs resulted in a program that was small, finite, and slow to move families, relying on existing housing, voluntary landlord compliance, and the willingness and ability of individual black families to relocate to the suburbs. 1While the government integration plans seem feasible on paper, it may work with disastrous results in real life. This then creates a chain reaction of negative effectuate upon the community the integration was supposed to

The International Aviation Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The International aura Policy - Term Paper ExampleAir hexation is one of the leading industries across the orchis and it as well as wields significant influences on the larger social, political, and economic mechanisms. For instance, line of reasoning transport can positively institute to a regions economic growth, but on that point has to be an underlying demand. This essay is dissever into two parts. Part one discusses the social, political, economic, geographical, infrastructure, and demographic influences on channelise transportation. Part two addresses the impact of air transportation easiness on market, traffic patterns, and fares carriers financial performance and future prospects of carriers ground in a global environment. Part I International Regulatory and Oversight The absence of air transport, just like with any other operations in the economy, can confound economic progress. Where there have been more or less complete stiffening of regulations that interfere w ith or oppose the liberalization of markets, have been social regulation (Wald, Fay, & Gleich, 2010). This trains issues like labor and consumer warrantor, defense, safety, and environment. These are domains that have been usu on the wholey addressed at the global arena by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) together with a add together of unusual international agreements like the Warsaw Convention (MacKenzie, 2010). Of late, national or regional programs have also acquired global importance such as the USs launching of more rigid security strategies (e.g. passenger information requirements), and the expansion of carbon trading inside the European Union (EU) to include all air transport. International air transport is currently a leading partner of globalization and is persistently redesigning itself to deal with the pressures of the social and economic integration that the process of globalization brings about. In economic terms, globalization takes get into to foster a deepened division of labor and helps economies take advantage of their comparative advantage more to the full (Wensveen, 2011). Possibly, though, more essentially, globalization promotes workforce and technology transfers and facilitates the energy that goes with entrepreneurial ventures to encourage the growth of new technologies and mechanisms that advertise international interests. Another grouping of factors to be taken into account in evaluating international aviation indemnity are political and economic settings. The five basic known catalysts of stable international air transport are guile expansion, developments in the quality of service, cost adjustments, political disorder, and GDP rate. Political disorder would involve terrorist activities and protectionism. Although protectionism weakens trade expansion it seems as well to reduce foreign direct investment (FDI) (Wensveen, 2011). These restrictions weaken trade and boost capital costs eventually. Political disorder also boosts costs through regulation and defense. much(prenominal) costs put service providers and shippers into a more disadvantaged position and reduce air travel. Changes in costs, specifically the costs of burn, are a continuing hazard increases in the costs of actual fuel before was zero (Wald et al., 2010). In the coming years this will cease to be the case as actual fuel costs will escalate. This kind of changes severely affects international aviation policy. The third group of factors is geographical, infrastructural, and demographical. Geography affects international aviation policy because cargo airlines choose to carry out their operations from aerodrome near to their target markets. Some researchers studied

Clinical Exampler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clinical Exampler - Essay ExampleThe mother herself appeared calm down and pleased. Perhaps she has had the ultrasonography for several times already, thats why she seemed relaxed. The father was also present to observe the ultrasound of his first child. It was the fathers reaction that was very weird because he started to tone nauseated a few proceeding after observing the ultrasound. He became really sick that he had to excuse himself to the restroom. He said that he was not used to hospital environment. But I believe that it was from observing the ultrasound that made him feel queasy.Generally, the whole experience was great. The actual ultrasound observation is significant to gain basic understanding of fetus development. The image could have been better if the ultrasound was a more advanced 3D or 4D. Nonetheless, I am thankful to have had the opportunity to share the joys of patients and families as they welcome the arrival of a newborn family member.Every woman must be cons cious of her health and well-being, especially for the sake of her family and loved ones. As a woman ages, one of the health procedures she must go through is the mammogram. As nursing students we were require to observe a mammogram screening. Once more, it was my first time to witness such medical procedure.The patient was a 40-year old woman.

Relationship Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relationship Paper - Essay ExampleI am a believer of vehe ment family relationships as I have been raised with my parents holding on to each some other as they go through the daily trials life brought along. In effect, I have been aspect forward to building my receive family the way I have been raised. Demureness was atomic number 53ness virtue I always appreciated in my mother, one that in my own opinion, a real wo creation should possess so that this was the first depicted object I looked for in a woman. I guess in part, this is because of the fully accepted impression that men are expected to be strong as the head of the family, able to bring in the necessitate of the family by working difficult jobs while women are delicate, from their actions to their works. Armed with such a conviction, this has served as my advocate in finding the right woman for my self. I met my wife in _________ whose very refined act caught my attention and whose cultured speech strengthened my desire to know her better. I soon learned she was looking for a man who sine qua noned a lasting relationship and not just one that would melt after a few years. Seeing it through the exchange theory (Adler & Proctor, 2007 p. 280), I now recognise how my wants were gratified as much as hers in the relationship we were trying to build. I was looking for the traits that would be to my advantage, having a woman who can submit to me as her male partner while she on the other hand, was looking for a man who could stick to just one woman for a lifetime. A man of simple words and direct to the point, in that location have been miscommunications in our relationship as we learned to distill our thoughts and ideas which proved to be a great task to both of us because my wife usually round on a seemingly different level, saying something different from the way I hear her. So many times, we tried to understand each other but letting things pass just do it work during our experimenting a nd intensifying fix ups. When we decided to commit to each other through marriage, fixting to the final stage of a relationship called bonding (Knapp & Vangelisti), we sealed our relationship in giving our vows to love each other until death. Marriage does not end trials and troubles in a relationship but it authoritative forces a person to indulge ones self in making it work. Our communication problems did not end when we got marital rather we seem to have thought that each of us should be able to read ones mind by this time because at this period, we should have known each other handsome well. This made the problem even worse which usually led to a cold war amidst us, my wife usually keeping quiet, not answering simple questions. The arrival of our children did not even back up resolve our problems instead, they were involved in a tug of war where my wife and I tried to get their attention to one of us alone and let the other feel how it could be to be alone, abandoned. The se days, there are still some misunderstandings but we have grown, being wiser in our actions and speech and reminded that if we truly want our relationship to last, we have to make things work. This includes learning to be articulate in communicating our thoughts, putting ones self to the shoes of the other for us to understand further what one is saying. The subject matter we have been discussing in class gave me a clearer view of my relationship with my wife and is helping me a sell in the improvement of how I deal with her these days. I have learned that in a relationship, it sure takes two to tango and the resolution we tried to employ in our

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

India - Essay Example(Andrea and Overfield, 71). The rock edicts of Ashoka reflect the emperors strong adherence to the fundamental teachings of Buddhism. He unequivocally asserts that all the benevolent actions he has undertaken as a king have but one objective that the people might expend the Dhamma (Dhammika, the septenary Pillar Edicts, 7). He urges his subjects to celebrate and practice Dharma. Although Ashoka does not explicitly expound on Buddhas teachings, his exhortations to his subjects are undoubtedly based on the Eightfold Path. Ashokas edicts list the dictates of Dharma proper behavior towards servants and employees, respect for father and mother, generosity towards friends, companions, relations, Brahmans and ascetics, and not killing living beings (Dhammika, Fourteen Rock Edicts, 11). All this obviously locomote under Right Conduct. Again, Ashoka emphasizes restraint in speech (Dhammika, Fourteen Rock Edicts, 12) and that the truth should be communicate (Dhammika, Minor Rock Edicts, 2), in deference to Right Speech. He urges is subjects towards Right Endeavor Great produce will result from doing your duty (Dhammika, Kalinga Rock Edicts, 1). Ashokas desire that his subjects practice Kindness, generosity, truthfulness, purity, gentleness and goodness (Dhammika, Seven Pillars, 7) expresses his hope that Buddhist Dharma will be adopted by all in his kingdom. Ashokas edicts delimitate dharma as following the Eightfold Path.In the context of the Bhagavad Gita, Dharma is defined as the moralistic imperative of clique duty (Andrea and Overfield, 67). The performance of ones duty, as prescribed by ones caste, is the highest moral obligation, and the best way to worship God. Every man intent on his own respective duties obtains god (Andrea and Overfield, 68). Krishna states that the man who transcends the physical senses, and maintains detachment attains bliss. The way to eternal happiness is to

Deforestation and Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deforestation and Malaria - Essay ExampleNecessity is the mother of invention. A saying that is proved over the years many times. Each time man was in adopt of some thing there was a gadget or a service that made his liveliness comfortable. A statement that could strongly challenge the one said above is The greed of man for more(prenominal) things has al right smarts led to his own destruction. This desire for luxury has disturbed the chemistry between man and nature. another(prenominal) important aspect is that of Health. Health happens to be the most important asset for man and that is something which is mostly neglected. These humankind activities that disturb the balance in nature be in some or the other way responsible for many Health related issues. Formal Definitions Deforestation and MalariaThe phenomena of clearing forests for acquiring consume for divers(a) purposes like pasture, urban usage or water supply logged land is known as Deforestation. (Williams M, 2006) Deforestation is the contrary of Reforestation, a practice that increases the forest area. Deforestation has a detrimental effect on the Environment. The clearing of major(ip) portions of forest cover had led to a reduced bio-diversity. This activity of removal of forest cover has a direct effect on the environments climate and geography.The direct causes for deforestation are caudex herding and forest fires. (Williams, M, 2006) Along with it, a few indirect causes like Edge effect and habitat fragmentation also contribute for deforestation. The rate at which the amount of forest cover (both equatorial rain forests and tropical dry forests) is decreasing is quite high. This is an alarming sign and directly points to possible loss of bio-diversity. Harmful effect of deforestation intromit reduction in amount of water in soil, moisture in atmosphere, land slides, precipitation reduction and flash flooding. (Williams, M, 2006) The only reason for all these effects is the excessiv e usage of resources by human beings to satisfy their desires.Deforestation on a Global scaleMalaria is counted as one of the direful diseases as it affects round 300 million people on an average every year and consumes the lives of around 3 million people. (whqlibdoc.who.org, 2005) It is a vector borne disease caused by mosquito biting. It is quite common in tropical and sub tropical regions. A protozoan named plasmodium is responsible for this disease. (Cox F, 2002)The groups of plasmodium parasites that affect human beings are plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariee and Knowles. All these are known as malarial parasites. They are transmitted into human corpse through female anopheles mosquito. Whenever they bite human beings, this parasite is injected into the body and it eats the red blood cells causing nausea, fever, illness and in severe cases coma and death. Symptoms of this disease include shivering, joint pains, vomiting and fever. (Cox F 2002) The breeding place for mosquitoes is water logging areas. Areas where the temperature is quite high and water is stagnated for a long period of time, the spreading of this disease is common. Mosquito repellents and mosquito nets can be used to get surety from this disease.

DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) Essay

DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) - Essay ExampleThe telecom service providers(1) would have been adequate to collect more money and reduce their losses if it would have been possible for them to know that which customer would redeem the bills and which customer is going to ditch them. Therefore one of the basic needs of risk management is to drive the attitude of the customers. Once the company knows as to how a customer behaves with his billing issue, it would be very win as to how he would behave further. It has been observed that the telecom providers who use transaction -based risk management atomic number 18 able to focus their attention on the riskiest accounts thus assigning the appropriate treatment to all the calls that is required. An good risk management technique has been devised which includes the following featuresThere should be an analysis of the complete set of info about the customer, the billing and the behavioral data. This will include a ll details about the calls and also the recompense history and the customer service interactions.As regarding the private and public natural law implications in this situation, it is advisable that start-off both the terms should be made very clear. The private law is that part of the system of law which includes in it the relationship between the individuals only like the law of contract or tort and so forth

Writing issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing issues - Essay ExampleEven if I empathise that a written message should be coherent and properly organized, I have realized that my essays ever so lack this quality. After a careful evaluation of my written works, I found out that I am not well organized, creative and thoughtful (Chandler 26). My efforts to communicate through my writings do not bear fruit since my messages are not arranged in a flowing, interesting and convincing manner. about of the measures, my points are left hanging without being justified.Besides, I find it difficult to use comma. As whiz of the punctuation marks, comma should always be properly used. It has a lot of uses that vary from clock time to time and from article to article. For the message to be delivered to the readers, it deprivations to be appropriately used. However, because I do not kip down how to use it, my writings have been conf apply. At times, they even lose meaning as they are misinterpreted by the readers.In order to appea l to my audience, I need to be more organized in my writings. Meaning, I should be keen on the way I use words and phrases. A part from using conjunctions to make my work coherent, I need to properly structure my writings. They should always start from the introduction and extirpate with the conclusion (Rogers 40). If this is done, the writings will be readable and understandable to anyone who arrays an opportunity to access them.Besides, I need to learn to be thoughtful, imaginative and creative. Writing should not just be done for the sake of it. It should be a means of communicating to others. However, if it bores, no one would waste their time reading them. In this regard, I will have to ensure that I improve on these areas. They can make my writings to get the approval of the readers. Otherwise, I will be writing for myself (Boltz 722).On the other hand, I need to realise for ways through which I can improve the use of comma. First, I should spend adequate time at the Writin g Centre. Here, I

Foreshadowing in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Research Paper

Foreshadowing in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men - Research Paper display caseSteinbeck himself cared deeply about the lives of migrant workers as evidenced by his compassionate tone and creation of confused characters struggling in a competitive society. Steinbeck combined styles of modernism and realism to explore the lives of people breathing in and traveling through Southern California. Steinbecks parents, a Monterey treasurer and a school instructor/stay-at-home mom, taught him a love of literature from an early age. Although he did attend Stanford University for three years, he leftfield without completing his degree. These years, as well as his journalism job, provided the formative substance of his writing career for he worked and traveled throughout California as a short-term hired hand at mills, elicits, and big estates. During these years he came face to face with the resilience with which migrant workers faced their destitute, unstable lives. Throughout the allev iation of Steinbecks career he focused pick up 2 on the plight of the underdog within an increasingly unfair, capitalistic world. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his monumental novel, The Grapes of Wrath, focused on the dreams and tragedy of the Joad family, and for his combined works he was awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize. All of Steinbecks characters face issues equally derived from competitive social forces, the economic downfall known as the Great Depression, and the seasonal worker nature of the arouseing economy. The 1930s saw vast technological advances in leaven machinery that drastically reduced the number of men needed to operate a farm. In 1900, about 125, 000 workers traveled from Minnesota to Washington searching for work, but by the 1930s the numbers of out-of-work men looking for positions had doubled. Farms were comme il faut corporate industries with the absent owners living in cities hiring managers to run the farms. Migrant workers, nicknamed bindle-stiffs a s they packed up and followed the seasonal harvests, were severely underpaid, had no union or legal representation, or stable homes. In the later 1930s, fantastic strikes broke out in several areas leading to some improvements, yet most farm owners move to treat their migrant workers as disposable. This lifetimestyle continued until World War II dramatically change the lives of all Americans as itinerant workers had the option to enlist and the defense industry expanded to insure food for thought rations for citizens and soldiers. Steinbecks social experience of living with migrant workers and journalistic knowledge of the economics of itinerant life greatly influenced his novella Of Mice and Men. The very title indicates the central question considering the value of life as it relate the smallest burrowing creatures life to the hopeful pride found in the positive view of Name 3 American manhood. The novella begins with George and Lennie on the run. They are escaping their rec ent post at a farm called Weeds where Lennie scared a young woman by inappropriately but innocently touch modality her dress causing her scream as if she were being physically assaulted. This situation introduces readers to the roving nature of their farm work, Lennies inability to control his actions, and the tight protective relationship between these two men. These two protagonists develop a symbiotic relationship as they feed each others dreams of a owning a farm while making their migrant life bearable.

Argument research task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument research task - Essay ExampleThe writers tries to entrust reasons how racial discrimination have a interdict effect to a society and an individual who is discriminated based on racism.The first introduce can be supported by the fact that the jobless rate among the whites is 6.6% art object that of blacks is 12.6%, according to a study conducted by Pew Research centre. The same research supports the second premise as it indicates that black people are denied fundamental right such as quality education, powerful housing and police brutality. The fact that the writer wrote the article based on reason that racism is suave a menace in this modern society, makes the reason valid and good. The first premise is aimed to portray how blacks suffers racism while the second premise can be supported by the reason that blacks are denied basic rights like right to access public transport.The article can be state to be a sound argument because the conclusion absolutely follows from true premises presented in the article the premises enounce that racism is likely to be subjected to black people. The conclusion should be accepted because racism has a negative impact to the society. The write has also used hyperbole to show how racism is despicable such as face of Europes horror at shameless racism. Generally, the article can be said to be in the form of deductive argument since the conclusion follows from the premises.From the two premises there is angiotensin-converting enzyme logical conclusion, which indicated that blacks are still prone to racism in this modern world. The modern world is characterized aspects such advance technology like trains and sporting activities like football which is supposed to unite people heedless of race. The writers point of view is that racism is reality in this modern world and should be stopped. Negative effects of racism are severe to a society, and to an individual, which can be illustrated by the port in which the man was instilled fear. Logically, racism should

Undertaking a Market Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Undertaking a Market Audit - Essay ExampleThe size up includes careful analysis of the companys strategic business units as well as the internal procedures. MA is prognostic in nature and provides recommendations for upward(a) the performance, process and increasing the organizational outcome of the company. It would provide formal mechanisms of the systematic examination of internal and impertinent grocery store activities of the organization. It requires the usage of various tools which includes control charts that indicate the existing marketing situation and the crisis. A MA is useful to measure the various marketing crisis and also discover the various issues which lead to the increase in the sales of the company (Kling, 2000).The objective of the study would be to understand the concept of marketing visit and its work on business activities. The author of the study would try to understand the utility and the method of conducting marketing audit in of the UK odour market . According to Kotler (1977 cited in Kling, 2000), MA is a systematic examination of an organizations marketing objectives, strategies and performance. The prime objective of the company is to understand the techniques that help in utilizing the resources of the company effectively and open recommendations, which help in utilizing the existing process.... the company is to understand the techniques that help in utilizing the resources of the company effectively and mother recommendations, which help in utilizing the existing process. MA lays emphasis on how effectively the marketing department performs its functions particularly in areas of promotion and distribution. It toilet be performed by individuals within and outside the organization. The internal auditor can be senior manager or top manager whereas the external auditor could be secure marketing consultants, who have the potential of performing audit on a regular basis (SPA original Academy, 2010).The various forms of M A would include self audit, audit from across, audit from above, company task force audit and outside audit. The MA process would involve three major activities Pre Audit Process This involves activities which determine who entrust conduct activities and the timings of the audit activities. It also establishes the scope, methodology and objectives. The Audit Process Data Collection This requires the assembling of schooling about the macro environment, industry, marketing mix and the company. It is expensive and a time consuming process of the marketing audit. Information Analysis This involves evaluation of data collected in an attempt to provide an inclusive propose of the companys marketing program. (1) UK Fragrance Market & Burberry Corporation Ltd The chosen market for the study is the UK fragrance market which is one of the most booming industries. It has been prospering in spite of the challenging economy and the last market sales increased by 4.5 percent and reached aroun d ?1.38 billion. The net sales of the UK fragrance market were larger than the mass market, which generated more than 82 percent of the market value (EuroMonitor,

Children's Social Behavior And Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childrens Social Behavior And Education - Essay ExampleIt is natural that children adopt a magnetic dip to revolt against social restrictions imposed on them. They usually have a tendency to only reluctantly submit to social conditioning that happens to them in early years. But in Samuels case, his behavior shows an upward trend towards socially unacceptable behavior which has reached a stage in which he might even lose his opportunity for education. It is in this context that Samuels behavior should be canvas and remedies sought.The expectations that others keep regarding a childs behavior is one factor affecting the behavior itself. thither is also the danger of labeling Samuel as a bad boy, which might aggravate his situation (Mah 2007, pp.13). It seems that the side teacher of Samuel has already labeled him as a bad boy, which is evident from their mutual hatred. But this build of labeling can have a seriously negative impact (Mah 2007). Labeling is also related to the word ing that is beingness used to describe a child who has some kind of behavioral problem (Lee 2010). Lee has opined that the language used to describe behavior can cause problems in schools (2010, pp.5). Porter has observed, issue with language is that equipment casualty such as misbehavior or inappropriate behavior do not specify to whom those acts ar inappropriate (2006, pp.4). Porter has also noted an important point when he said this kind of persuasion of the child implies that teachers judgment on this issue is sacrosanct (2006, pp.4). It is also noted, the implication is that, when in that location is a disruption in a classroom, the offending students are to blame-there is something wrong with them (Porter 2006, pp.4).Factors like family, early years setting, living atmosphere and social attitudes and value systems have been found to affect childrens behavior in a given context (Papatheodorou 2005).

Chapter 3 Review and Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 3 Review and Discussion Question - Essay warningWhile most manufacturing demonstratees argon automated, the service organizations cannot adopt this process. Lastly, manufacturing demands physical location for production of products, whereas service designers are least bothered about this aspect. For a good service, the designer should keep in mind factors standardised legitimacy of services, access to potential clients, competitors in the market, price ranges, cost of maintaining services and demand in the markets. sens customization refers to the combination of two business practices commonly referred to as craft production and the mass production. Being enjoin at providing maximum satisfaction to the customers, the practice promotes the purpose of providing individualized products to customers with mass production efficiency.Although the application of the notion of mass customization appears promising, there are a number of challenges related to this concept. The cha llenges that arise secondary to the application of this process may be regarded as being internal complexities or external complexities. External complexities arise when customers establishment difficulties regarding customization of their ordered products. The uncertainty associated with this process is often the cause of dissatisfaction for the client. Internal complexities on the other hand are related to the internal functions of the company regarding designing of products that are customizable enough to meet the customers demands. referable to wide product range and variety that results secondary to mass customization, the company faces internal complexities that may foil its smooth

Theology of marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Theology of marriage - interrogation Paper ExampleTheorists are of the opinion that it is marriage that paves the way towards the formation of the intimately primary ecesis of society i.e. family (Macionis, 2007). It is family that portrays the dynamic and colorful picture of strong bondage between its members and p arranges roughly imperative share in the nourishment, education and socialization of the individuals. In addition, the members of a family generally keep in touch with integrity another throughout their life and provide one another financial and moral subscribe to at the hour of need. The entire blessings of family life are completely dependent on marriage, without which there could be no concept of family altogether. Hence, the maxim men make houses, women make homes also relies upon marriage for the accomplishment of the same. Since family is the basic whole of a social establishment, and a happy domestic life ensures stop and solidarity in society, psychologist theorists particularly typeset stress upon the devising of a social system that could strive for the creation of strong ties between the spouses for the pacification and harmony of society at large. The religious teachings and dogmatism also declare decline of social set and increase in the anarchical sate of affairs in the contemporary world as the sequel of disturbances in family life, and high increase of divorce rates, which pave the way towards tremendous increase in deviancies, sexual perversion and committing crimes and offenses of various kinds.... Sociological Significance of Marriage Another very prominent aspect of marriage phenomenon includes its enceinte sociological significance in various aspects. Theorists are of the opinion that it is marriage that paves the way towards the formation of the most primary institution of society i.e. family (Macionis, 2007). It is family that portrays the dynamic and colorful picture of strong bondage between its members, and pl ays most imperative role in the nourishment, education and socialization of the individuals. In addition, the members of a family generally keep in touch with one another throughout their life, and provide one another financial and moral support at the hour of need. The entire blessings of family life are completely dependent of marriage, without which there could be no concept of family altogether. Hence, the maxim men make houses, women make homes also relies upon marriage for the accomplishment of the same. Since family is the basic whole of a social establishment, and a happy domestic life ensures peace and solidarity in society, psychologist theorists particularly lay stress upon the devising of a social system that could strive for the creation of strong ties between the spouses for the peace and harmony of society at large. The religious teachings and dogmatism also declare decline of social value and increase in the anarchical sate of affairs in contemporary world as the of fspring of disturbances in family life, and high increase of divorce rates, which pave the way towards tremendous increase in deviancies, perversion and committing of crimes and offences of various kinds. Family break-up and absence of father, according to Mendle et al. (2009), turn the girls insecure

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Humanities - Essay ExampleFor two of them responsibility is fidelity and transmitment to the truth as it presents or reveals itself to their awareness or memory at the present moment.To be responsible to truth is to encounter it/respond to it for what it is. settlement first manifested it in his adamant refusal to shed the outward trappings of mourning against the protestation of his uncle ability and queen mother, who wanted him to express the solemnization of their new marriage. Stubborn as he is in his fidelity and sense of responsibility towards his deceased world-beater father, he insisted in the truth of that within which passeth show (Shakespeare, Act 1, Scene II). As for Phaedra, when pressed by Oeneoneas to the cause of her depression, she made a simple acknowledgement of the truth raging within her I purport all the furies of desire. (Racine, Act 1 Scene III). No matter how fearsome the truth is, she shrinks not in acknowledging and recognizing its potent poison. Bo th of them yielded to the power of this truth but differ in the manner of their response. juncture refused to tegument the truth Phaedra chose to languish in secret till she could bear no more to hide the truth.To be responsible to truth is to act so that that the truth comes to light, no matter what the price. When the deceased kings apparition revealed to Hamlet the dastardly act of murder committed by his uncle against his father and commanded him to draw vengeance, Hamlet subsequently manifested a prolonged ambivalence towards acting on the revelation. Far from fear of the challenge, Hamlets tarrying was rather a strong proof of his commitment and responsibility for truth. His words prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, (Shakespeare, Act III, Scene I) belied his confidence in the apparitions revelation and could not commit himself to such unverified disclosure. He, however, was committed to ascertain the truthfulness of the apparitions revelation,

Boston Tea Party Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

capital of Massachusetts Tea lead take awayy - name ExampleThe Indemnity Act of 1767 served to shield the British governance from losing out to tea smugglers who sourced their tea from Holland. Holland did non impose taxes for its imported tea hence Dutch traders supplied it at cheaper rates. After establishing the Indemnity act, the easterly India club was able to retrieve the 25 percent ad valorem tax it paid for tea that they exported to British colonies. Part of the acts outcome was to permit export of tea to other British colonies by the East India Company. In addition to this, the act also reduced taxes paid by domestic consumers of tea in Britain. The overall idea here was to shift the taxation burdens from the homeland to the colonies. The Townshend Act was Britains attempt at imposing tea taxes on its colonies. Constitutionally, this precise issue was the long, held bone of contention that drove up granting immunity from colonists to British authority in the colonial lands. The Whigs, who were a group of political activists in America, laid a case against the Townshend Act. Reason being that it forced American to pay taxes, which had no approval from their local choose representatives. The new taxes brought about by the passing of the Townshend act resulted in massive protests and boycotts from colonists. (Rowe, web). This eventually forced the government to repeal the taxes included in the Townshend Act. In 1772, after the Indemnity Act expired, the government reverted to taxes that they had offset from British people in 1767 (Rowe, web). On the reintroduction of taxes, sales of tea fell short, and there was a large superfluous held by the East India Company. As a major driver of the British economy, the company received service of process from the government. The Tea act finally came as a solution to the crisis. It allowed the East India Company to sell today tea to Americans at a price of their choosing. This was supposed to help reduce the overdue stock that was unflustered in their warehouses. Because of this, tea prices for America significantly dropped in the hope of driving up sales. The taxes payable on importing the tea were paid, under much secrecy, to avoid reaction such as those that had been encountered before. The Actual effect It was not long before the arrangements to hide taxes were discovered by the American Whigs. The discovery came about duration seven ships made their way to American harbors to offload large consignments of British tea. Three of these ships namely the Dartmouth, Eleanor and Beaver, headed for Boston while each of the others went to New York, Charleston and Philadelphia. After the three ships to Boston arrived, American protestors climbed onto them, opened up 342 chests that contained the imported tea and threw the tea into the sea (Lepore, web). This took no more than three hours to accomplish, and the colonists had disguised themselves as Indians to be mis defecaten for worke rs. The damaged product was worth 10000 pounds, and it would be unsalvageable for authorities to charge duty on it (Lepore, web). The ships owners had, however, been warned earlier on to retreat and return the ships to England through a meeting held in Boston with the protests leaders. Resolutions and Outcomes The British legislature after receiving news of the event decided to take disciplinary action against the entire populace of Boston. It passed the Boston Port Bill, which Boston harbor closed off until the East India Company had received due compensation for the destroyed tea. In addition, to this Parliament decided to break the structure of the Massachusetts Council, which was largely elective in nature. They instead had the governor acquire

Sociological Imagination and Social Issues Essay Example for Free

Sociological Imagination and affable Issues EssayPeople be more likely to use psychological arguments to explain wherefore things argon they way they atomic number 18 rather than look at the sociological aspect of them. They think that problems happening in their lives are mortalal and overlook that they may be evidenced by association (Ferris Stein 13). Sociological fancy challenges people to look at the intersection between biography and history and see the role we for each one play in society (Mills 1959 and Ferris Stein 13). We must look at how larger social issues are intertwined in with each individuals life and how society shapes a person. There are m whatever benefits with using the sociological perspective on life and one of the most important ones is obtaining a orbit beyond our own immediate sphere (Ferris Stein 13). By doing this, we hindquarters seek bowly unalike ways to experience life and look at our reality differently then we ever panorama possi ble. It forces us to see how we created our values, morals, beliefs, and at some point we may need to reevaluate why we had them to take up with. Thinking with a sociological visual sense makes us see the errors of our thinking and how we cornerstone throw that.Macrosociology looks at how society and its social structure determine individuals lives and sometimes horizontal beliefs and opinions. I guess that I view myself differently because of how society told me I must be. It is instilled in us to be prospering and I push my own limits in order to carry out that and my thoughts constantly revolve around how victorious I can be and the consequences if I am non (Jenkins. My Me and Society Journal. 10/05/12).Society prevails to stigmatize up rules or general guidelines for how everyone should live their lives and how to act socially. When a person departs from the norm in any way they are considered deviant and when the violations of rules have been written into law they are considered crimes (Dreiling. 10/23/2012. Lecture). How distortion is perceived may be different depending on who is explaining it. Psychologists state that personality characteristics within the individual that force back them to stray from the normwhile sociologists believe that social relations outside the individual are the cause (Dreiling. 10/23/2012. Lecture). There are many things, however, that are not only considered an act of aberration but consequences or benefits from being deviant.There are two general divisions of deviant violations folkways and mores. Violation of folkways are more common, frowned upon issues such as jaywalking or poor manners whereas violations of mores are illegal incidences such as murder or rape. When these act of deviances occur, thither are those who bind groups together and this can reinforce the person to continue these acts. Majority of the people, however, disapprove of these acts and they are called a negative sanction (Dreiling. 10/23 /2012. Lecture). They tend to look down upon the acts, gossip, and with the more serious violations, imprison individuals and receive crown punishment.While the United States uses large(p) punishment and imprisonment as punishment for deviance, other countries dont have these resources if they even want to use it. Therefore, there are other techniques they use such as the Amish who shun those who violate the morose norms of the group because guilt of immorality is the ultimate punishment. They believe that those in the religious community cannot associate with lawbreakers even if they are family members and while the shunning is temporary, it has an impact an prevents deviant behavior (Ferris Stein 154).In the 20th Century, Robert Merton created the structural Strain Theory that provides a connection between functionalist and conflict theories (Ferris Stein). It states that there are goals within society that people strive to achieve, however, they are unable to reach these g oals and this creates a stress when people realize they cannot achieve them (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Stanley Milgram states that obedience is deeply ingrained into our behavioral tendencies and impulse overriding ethics and moral conducts (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Rebels are people that reject the cultural definitions of success and therefore are not obedient to the social norm to be successful making them deviant. Since they rebel to the social norm it advocates radical alternatives to the social order thatsociety lives in today (Ferris Stein 158).Kerckhoff and Back stated that the belief in a tangible threat makes it possible to explain and justify ones sense of uneasiness and this is why imprisonment and capital punishment is created (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Between the years of 1980 and 2006, the amount of incarcerated Americans went up nearly five times accumulating over two million prisoners. With less the 5% of the worlds population, we have created s ocial acts that should be punishable by prison and have 23.4% of the worlds prisoners (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Sociologists and other groups have studied so in depth to crime and punishment that there are many subcategories within society that reasons with why people are incarcerated such as gender, race, age, and kin as well as specified crime groups for violent, property, and white collar crimes (Ferris Stein 172, 173).Sociological imagination forces us to look at how we are asked to act and society and how we actually act. Most of the things we do in our daily lives we may think is by choice, however, it is how society wants us to live. Anytime individuals challenge or stray from the norm of how society thinks we must function, there are consequences that are sometimes so blunt that they drastically change our societies views, morals, and attitudes.By expanding our thinking about deviance we can really look at why we do not accept certain things that people do such as system modification even though it is not harming us. It also gives people the opportunity to look at how we play off and punish those who are deviant and decide whether we have been acting appropriately with punishments such as capital punishment. By doing this we are given the chance to look at what we truly believe, whether it is because of macrosociology or microsociology, and make strides to change things.With sociological perspective, we are being asked to question how we do things and why. Then we are being asked not if we can change it but how. What I think should be another question is if we want to change it. We can abandon or reevaluate our opinions, beliefs, morals, and attitudes but atthe end of the day we need to look at our society and decide if the course of action is effective and if we, as individuals and a whole, feel comfortable with the standards we pock on each other and ourselves. I believe that there must be a sense of right and wrong and punishment and re wards in order to have a relaxation in society. That is why we have deviance and crime within our society and there is nothing wrong with having a balance in our world.Bibliography1. Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. The real world an introduction to sociology. 2nd ed. New York W.W. Norton Co., 2010. Print. 2. Katherine Jenkins. October 05, 2012. I-Me-Society Journal 1. 3. Dreiling, Michael. October 23, 2012. Lecture.4. Dreiling, Michael. October 25, 2012. Lecture.

“To escape is nothing. Not to escape is nothing.” Louise Bogan Essay Example for Free

To escape is nothing. non to escape is nothing. Louise Bogan EssayHinduism is a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices from India. It is a religious belief with some beliefs and practices. Hinduism is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, belief in a supreme being of more different forms, the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and a desire for liberation from secular evils. Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus which is shown in the New Testament. Christians conceptualise Jesus is the son of God, God having become man and the saviour of humanity. Hinduism has grown and is the third largest religion in the sphere after Christianity and Islam. It has about 837 followers in the world. Hinduism is regarded as the worlds oldest organised religion. Hinduism consists of meter of different religious groups in India that have evolved since 1500BCE. It is the main religion of In dia, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. The individuality of the Hindu world focus on 4 important ideas anadi (beginninglessness), karma (the moral law of life), samsara (rebirth) and moksha (freedom or release).Hinduism moots in reincarnation. They weigh that on that point is a cycle of birth, death and rebirth. Hindus desire for the release of suffering. Living in the world shows suffering because it implies the insulation from the divine. Christianity was founded in the early 1st century AD. It came to be a religion with the teaching, miracles, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. Today it is the largest religion in the world. Christianity has around 2 billion followers. It is most popular in the western world.Today, Christianity has a numerous different forms, beliefs and practices, but it is all centered around the belief and faith in Jesus Christ. Christians suppose that there is one God. God created the world and everything in it, and we are also created in the look of God. thither are difference and similarities with Hinduism and Christianity. First Hinduism is pantheistic, not theistic. Christianity believes that God created the world out of nothing, and humans out of the image of God. Christians believe that the world was corrupted by sin and is under Gods fate, moving towards perfection.Hindus believe the world is break of God and that the universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, preservation, and dissolution. Hindus believe that all people will be united with God, and Christians believe that those who are called to God will have eternal life and whoever rebels will be lost eternally. Hindus believe in karma. Whatever goes around comes around. And Christians believe that sins can be forgiven. Hindus believe that humans will neglect and go through a cycle until karma is resolved. Christians believe that you die once, and face judgement.Hindus worship different structures and Christians still worship God alone. There is quite a large difference between Christianity and Hinduism. Mainly because it does not have a single founder, a specific theological system, a single concept of deity, a single holy text, a single system of morality, a central religious authority, and the concept of a prophet. We are similar because we are all looking to be good people and worship our creator. Christianity is more based on faith and belief and Hinduism, although they have their faith and belief, is more of a lifestyle and a way of life.

Plug-in Hybrid vs. Pure Electric Cars Research Essay Essay Example for Free

Plug-in loan-blend vs. Pure electric Cars Research Essay EssayThis human beings has prospered with squanderoline simple machines since the late eighteen hundreds and nineteen hundreds. In fact, the world we live in today cannot withstand without the benefits of gasoline-powered vehicular travel. Since the modernization of travel, the public can drive cars eachwhere, including other countries, cities, streets, houses, or even backyards. The mass involve of private automobiles has led to more drivers, thusly a huge amount of pollution, and then that familiar express Global Warming. This is why we need a new alternative to the flame engine, and there argon actually m either ways to achieve this including plug-in cars and pure galvanising cars. But, to fully prevent Global Warming, our economy essential thread on pure clean energy. Plug-in hybrid cars have their benefits, including the ability to revert to an internal combustion engine when the battery dies, provided pure-electric cars are the way to go because the battery has a much larger store of electrimetropolis and electric cars do not run on harmful gasoline they run on clean energy. The pros of hybrid plug-in cars do not match the pros that the pure-electric car boasts. Although, there are roughly so-called experts who disprove this theory, and say that hybrid cars are the best way to go.A pro in the mind of Philip Dunn, a hybrid car advocate, is that at higher speeds above forty miles per hour the gas motor kicks in and gives that peppy feel so many car owners search for when driving on the highway. Another pro is that the hybrid car can already get one-hundred mpg on fifty-five-mile trips using cobbled-together PHEVs, (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) says Ben Hewitt, another advocate of hybrid cars. The hybrid vehicle also does not produce any Carbon-Dioxide from a stop, and does not produce any Carbon-Dioxide moving at less than under forty miles per hour.These pros, nonetheles s, are better than a pure-gas engine, which compares with an average 21 mpg (estimation courtesy of EPA), and produces Carbon-Dioxide all of the time that it is running. But, these pros do not lolly the surface of the pure-electric car and its wonders. The cons of the plug-in car are various. The plug-in car costs anywhere from three- gibibyte dollars to eight-thousand dollars more than conventional automobiles (Watson), but these prices will go down as manufacturers start developing more hybrids and create more competition.Until there is more research, hybrids also use up the electric engine in under five-hundred uses, which leads to more cash spent replacing the un-chargeable battery. Adding onto the list is the fact that hybrid cars will still use gasoline. In golf-club to clean up Earth, hybrid plug-in cars and their problems shall not be created. Hybrid cars are also weighed down by both engines. The two engines also instigate the problem of maintaining two engines instead of one, which will make fixture cost more than gas-powered cars in certain circumstances such as a car fragment that damages both engines.Both pros and cons of the hybrid plug-in do not reach the level of pure electric cars. Few cons are tacked onto the pure electric car, but those few are important. Pure-electric cars cannot drive long surmount road trips without being recharged. This can take up to three-and-a-half hours in some electric cars, which isnt effective for being late to work or a party. The beneficial trend toward more environmentally pally vehicles has had the unintended effect of placing the blind and other pedestrians in danger, said Rep.Edolphus Towns (D-New York, 10th) in introducing The Pedestrian Safety deed of 2008 that would protect the blind from electric cars, which are silent. These cars are also pricy, with the Tesla Roadster reaching over one-hundred thousand dollars. These cons come with a reward, though. The pros of having a pure-electric vehicle ar e heavier than that of its cons. With an average of 220 mpc (miles per charge based on EPA combined city/highway cycle), the pure-electric car can cover the average daily drivers commute and then some.The pure-electric Tesla Roadster can reach up to 125 mph and has a 0mph-60mph in less than 4 seconds (Tesla Motors Tesla Roadster). Also, whenever the brakes are used to stop, you charge the engine. Another thing is that, when stopped, the car does not consume any energy. All of this and zero-emissions boost the pure-electric car to the top of the list of daily drivers and high performance gas-guzzlers. Both types of car oust that of the gas-guzzlers on the road today.Although, to provide a cleaner and more-efficient future for Earth, humans must sight aside fossil fuels and use clean electric energy, which a pure-electric car uses. The public cannot make a huge castrate into hybrid plug-ins and then switch to full electric power just look at the Digital Television switch that has been postponed twice because people are too lazy to go out and get a free digital cable box. The people are slow to change, which way that in order to switch before humans destroy the world, humans must first change to pure-electric energy.If humans are ready to start the massive change to clean up Earth, those humans must first stop making a new mess. Works Cited Dunn, Philip. Hybrid Cars Pros and Cons. (2006) 4 Apr 2009 . Hewitt, Ben. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Cars How Theyll Solve the Fuel Crunch. May 2007 4 Apr 2009 . Watson, Jerry. Hybrids pros and cons. (2005-2009) 4 Apr 2009 . http//www. teslamotors. com/performance/perf_specs. php Towns, Edolphus. Introduction of Pedestrian Safety bring of 2008, April 9th, 2008.

Emergence of Critical and Cultural Theories Essay Example for Free

Emergence of particular and Cultural Theories EssayCulture the learned behavior of members of a given tender group. Cultural studies strain use of media to create forms of nuance that structure everyday life. Political parsimoniousness theories Focus on affectionate elite groups use of stinting power to exploit media institutions. 2 There are microscopic interpretive theories that emphasis on how individuals and affectionate groups use media to create and foster forms of culture that structure everyday life. These theories are referred to as heathen studies theories.There are macroscopic structural theories that focus on how accessible elites use their economic power to gain ontrol everyplace and 3 Cultural supposition Theories openly espo exploitation certain value and using these values to evaluate and criticize the status quo providing switch over ways of interpreting the social role of plurality media. Those who develop scathing theories seek to initiate soci al change that will implement their values. Political economy theories are inherently critical but some heathenish studies 4 Critical theories often provides labyrinthine explanations for this tendency of media to consistently do so.E. g some critical theorists identify constraints on media practitioners that limit their qualification to challenge established authority. They charge that few incentives exist to encourage media professionals to overcome these constraints and that media 5 Critical opening often analyzes specific social institutions, probing the extent to which valued objects are sought and achieved. Mass Media and the aggregated culture have been linked to a variety of social problems, they are criticized for aggravating or preventing problems from be identified or addressed.A common theme in critical theories of media is that content production is so constrained 6 Consider for example, the last time you read news about members of a social ovement that strongly c hallenged the status quo? Why were the college students who protested against the Communist Chinese government in Tiananmen Square heroes of democracy and those in Ameri poop anti-war hippies and radicals? Stories about movements imply problems with 7 controntation. Movement leaders demand coverage ot their complaints and they award demonstrations designed to draw public attention to their concerns.Elites seek to minimize coverage or to exercise spiral engage so that the coverage favors their position. How do Journalists handle this? How should they handle it? Existing research indicates that this coverage well-nigh always degenerates movements and corroborations elites. 8 Critical theory Strengths 1. Is politically based, actionoriented. 2. Uses theory and research to plan change in the real world. 3. Asks big, important questions about media control and ownership. 9 Weaknesses 3. When subjected to scientific verification, often employs innovative but arguable research metho ds. 0 Rise of Cultural Theories in Europe Despite its long life in American Social Science, the Limited Effects Paradigm never enjoyed great popularity in europe. European social research has instead been characterized by what U. S. Observers regard as grand social theories. Grand Social Theory Highly ambitious, 1 1 In Europe, the development of grand social theory remained a underlying concern in the social sciences and humanities. Mass society theory gave way to a succession of alternate ideas. Some were limited to specific nations and others spread across many countries.Some of the most widely current have been based on the writings of Karl Marx. bolshie theory influenced even the theories that were created in reaction against it. Marxist ideas formed a foundation or touch stone for most postworld War II European social theory and research. 12 Cold War political science colored some(prenominal) of the U. S. Response to it. Ironically, in the 1970s and 1980s, at the very time that Marxist failed as a practical guide for politics and economics in Eastern Europe, grand social theories based on Marxist thought were gaining change magnitude acceptance in Western Europe. 3 MARXIST THEORY Marxist Theory Theory rock that the hierarchical class strategy is at the root of all social problems and must be terminate by a mutation of the proletariat. Karl Marx certain this theory in the latter part of the nineteenth speed of light during one of the most volatile periods of social change in Europe. In some respects, his theory is stock-still another version ot loudness society theory- but witn several very important alterations and additions. 14 He identified industrialization and urbanization as problems but argued that these changes were not inherently awful.Instead, he blamed merciless robber baron capitalists for exacerbating social problems because they maximized personal profits by exploiting workers. Marx argued that the hierarchical class system wa s the root of ll social problems and must be ended by a alteration of the workers or proletariat. He believed that elites dominated society primarily through their direct control over the means of production (i. e. , labor, factories, land) which he referred to as the base of society. 15 But elites also maintained themselves in power through their control over culture, or the superstructure of society.He saw culture as something that elites freely manipulated to mislead average deal and encourage them to act against their own interest. He used the term political orientation to refer to these forms of culture. To him, ideology operated much like a drug. Those who were under its influence fail to see how they are being exploited. In get through cases, they are so deceived, that they actually 16 undermine their own interests and do things that increase the power of elites musical composition making their own lives even worse. Marx concluded that the only hope for social change wa s a revolution in which the the great unwashedes seized control of the base the means of production.Control over the superstructure -over ideology would naturally follow. He saw little possibility that reforms in the super structure could ead to social evolution, or if it could, that -that transformation would be very slow in coming. Elites would never willingly surrender POWER. Power must be interpreted from them. Little project would be served by making minor changes in ideology 17 without offshoot dominating the means of production. Neomarxist Theory Contemporary incarnation of Marxist theory focusing attention on the super structure.The importance that Neomarxists attach to the super structure has created a fundamental division within Marxism. some neomaxists assume that useful change can begin with peaceful, ideological reform rather than violent revolution in which he working class seizes control of the means of production. 18 Some neomarxists have developed critiques th at call for radically transforming the superstructure while others call for modest reforms. Tensions have arisen among prentices who base their work on Marxs ideas over the value of the work being done by 19 the unhomogeneous neomarxist schools.Textual Analysis and literary Criticism Modern european pagan studies theories have a second, very different source a tradition of humanist criticism of religious and literary texts that is referred to hermeneutics. Hermeneutics the interpretation f texts to identify their actual or real meaning. 20 -humanists who worked to identify and preserve what came to be known as the literary canon a body of the great literature. The literary canon was part of what was referred to as high culture, a set of cultural artifacts including music, art, literature, and poetry that humanists Judged to have the highest value. 1 the level of culture to enable even more people to pass away humane and civilized. Over the years, many different methods for ana lyzing written texts have emerged from hermeneutics. They share a common purpose to criticize old and new cultural ractices so that those most deserving of attention can be identified and explained and the less deserving can be dismissed. This task can be compared with that of movie critics who give notice (of) us which films are good or bad and assist us in appreciating or avoiding them.The simple difference is that movie critics are typically not committed to promoting higher 22 cultural values they only want to explain which movies we are likely to find entertaining. THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL One primeval prominent school of neo-marxist theory developed during the 1930s at the University of capital of Kentucky and became known as the Frankfurt instill. 3 Two of the most prominent individuals associated with the school were Max Horkheimer, its long time head, and Theodor Adorno, a fat and cogent theorist. Horheimer and Adorno were openly skeptical that high culture could or shoul d be communicated through mass media.Adorno argued that piano tuner broadcasts or records couldnt begin to adequately reproduce the sound of a live symphony orchestra. He ridiculed the replication of great art in 24 magazines or the reprinting of great novels in condensed, serialized form. He claimed that mass media reproductions of high culture were inferior and diverted eople from seeking out (and paying for) the real thing if bad substitutes for high culture were readily available, he believed too many people would settle for them and fail to support better forms of culture.The Frankfurt School has been criticized along with other forms of conventional humanism for being too elitist and paternalistic. By rejecting the possibility of using media to disseminate 25 high culture, most ot the population was ettectively denied access to it Many ot the schools criticisms of media paralleled those of mass society theory and had the same limitations. The Frankfurt School eventually h ad a direct impact on American social research because the rise of the Nazis forced its Jewish members into exile. 26 During the period of exile, however, Frankfurt School Theorists remained prodductive.They devoted considerable effort, for example, to the critical analysis of Nazi culture and the way it undermined and perverted high culture. In their view, national socialism grounded on a phony, artificially constructed folk culture that had been cynically created and manipulated by Hitler and his propagandists. 27 Nazism helped them envision the Germany they longed to see a unified, proud ation with a long history of achievement and a superb future. As they rose to power, the Nazis replaced high culture with their pseudofolk culture and discredited important forms of high culture, especially those created by Jews. 8 DEVELOPMENT OF NEOMARXIST THEORY IN BRITAIN Dunng the 1960s and 1970s , two important schools of neomarxist theory emerged in Great Britain. British Cultural studies and political economy theory. British cultural studies combines neomarxist theory with ideas and research methods derived from different sources including literary criticism, linguistics, anthropology, and history. This theory has attempted to trace historic elite domination over culture, to criticize the 29 social consequence of this domination and to demonstrate how it continues to be exercised over specific minority groups or subcultures.British cultural studies criticizes and contrasts elite notions of culture, including high culture, with popular, every day forms practiced by minorities. The superiority of all forms of elite culture including high culture is challenged and compared with useful, valuable forms of popular culture. Hermeneutic attention is shifted from the study of elite cultural rtifacts to the study of minority grouped Lived culture. 30 Graham Murdock(1989) traced the rise of British cultural studies during the 1950s and 1960s. virtually important theorists came from the lower social classes that were the focus of the movies.The British cultural studies critique of high culture and ideology was an explicit rejection of what its proponents saw as alien forms of culture imposed on minorities. They defended indigenous forms of popular culture as legitimate expressions of minority groups/ A dominant early theorist was Raymond Williams, a literary scholar who achieved 31 Notoriety with his reappraisals of cultural development in England. Williams ideas were viewd with suspicion and skepticism by many of his colleagues at Cambridge University. Toward the end of 1960s and into the 1970s, Williams turned his attention to mass media.He was more broadly concerned with issues of cultural change and development as well as elite domination ot culture. 3 repackaged as popular, mass media content. If there were to be genuine progress, he felt, it would have to come through significant reform of social institutions. The first important school of cul tural studies theorists was formed at the University of Birmingham, during the 1960s and was led by Stuart manor hall. Hall (1982) was especially influential in directing several analyses of mass media that directly challenge limited cause notions and in introducing innovative alternatives.Building on ideas developed by Jurgen Habermas(1971 , 1989) and Williams, Hall argued that mass media liberal -democracies can be best understood as a pluralistic public forum in which various forces struggle to shape popular notions about social reality. Pluralistic Public Forum In critical theory, the idea that media provide a place where the power of dominant lite can be challenged. British Cultural Studies Strengths 1 . Asserts value of popular culture 2. Empowers Common Man 34 3. Empowers minorities and values their culture. 4. Stresses cultural pluralism and egalitarianism.Weaknesses 1. Is too political call to action is to subjective 2. Typically lacks scientific verification is based on subjective observation. 3. When subjected to scientific verification, often employs innovative but controversial research methods. 35 Unlike traditional Marxists, Hall did not argue that elites can maintain complete control over this forum. In his view, elites dont inquire that power to advance their interests. The culture expressed in this forum is not a mere niggling reflection of the superstructure but is instead a dynamic creation of opposing groups.

Who was responsible for the origins of the Cold War Essay Example for Free

Who was responsible for the origins of the mothy warfare EssayThe detachment of mating of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) brought an end to the moth-eaten state of war with victory for the capitalist countries principally join States. The coolness warfare did not involve direct confrontation between the two rivals, Soviet Union and linked States, and it has always been difficult to claim who was really responsible for setting up the polar War in motion. Historians on both locatings piss blamed the other side for starting the Cold War reflecting the antagonisms on both sides. Now that the Cold War has been declared over, we can perhaps look dispassionately on who was responsible for the origin of the Civil War. From a historical perspective the question, who was responsible for the origin of the Cold War is all-important(a) for historical accuracy. As MacDonald, 1995 points out that historical accounts and their relative plausibility directly fix social science the ories and helps us learn from historical examples and utilize them as illustration and evidence.These questions are the relegate of this essay to find who started the Cold War. My thesis is that 1. The conflicting ideologies of Anglo-American Capitalism and Soviet Communism were the most important cause of the Cold War 2. United States and its Western European Allies were the originator of the Cold War and 3. USSR was forced to match the US measures and to build its own sphere of influence to counter-balance those measures to protect Soviet Union.The theses seems to be biased in favor of Soviet Union but when we analyze the relationship between pre-war Russia and United States and Britain we find that the second piece War provided brought Russia and United States into an alliance to counter the common enemy, Germany. The lessons Russia learnt from the 2nd World War, with more than 20 million deaths can logically be expected to result in a desire to secure its borders by having fr iendly countries as buffers.After the end of the 2nd World War the Soviet Union was in no grade to enter into competition with United States that had rally out of the War relatively unscathed. The development of post War era indicate that the responsibility of originating the Cold War can be put on the shoulders of United States and Britain. The mistakes and misunderstanding generated by both sides only intensified the Cold War that kept the entire World divided into the two camps and has left problems in its wake that are haunting various regions of the world to this day.Economic and strategic rivalries often create contrast even among allies but the ideological philosophies of both sides Soviet Communism on unmatchable side and Anglo-American Capitalism on the other, and the determination on both sides to ensure that their ideologies were protected and flourished only intensified the Cold War. United States and Britain were strong advocates of capitalistic, free-trading libera l democracy and many advocated turning the whole world into their form of capitalist economies. The Soviet Union policy makers withal dreamed of seeing Marxist-Leninism spread throughout the world.After the terminal of the 2nd World War, with their economy and infrastructure devastated and more than 20 million dead, Soviet Union would have been more than happy to protect communism at home and was not in a position to export it. United States however was still strong and had come out of the War even stronger, and was in a position to strengthen its sphere of influence. The responsibility of originating the Cold War thus fell in the lap of United States and Britain and Soviet Union was not much far behind as discussed below.It is also important to recognize that due to the vast differences in the operating systems of the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War was inevitable and tracing its origin to prevent a future Cold War is not the lesson we can possibly learn from the his tory. Even the end of the Cold War has not meant peace and ease for the world, and it seems that until one power can have total supremacy with subjugation to the desire of the almighty superpower, wars of one kind or other will continue.

Antigone Essay Example for Free

Antigone bear witnessRemember those people who always thought they were right, and they always ended up in trouble for it? I Sophocles play Antigone, the main characters Antigone and Creon show how being so hubris can be tragic to your life. Set stake in ancient Greece an epic battle takes place and brothers end up killing each other. atomic number 53 was all(prenominal)owed a proper burial, yet Polyinesis was not. Antigone felt disappointed by this and decided to bury them yet Creon the fresh appointed king did not appreciate the rule breaking. Due to the fact that Antigone and creon exhibited excessive pride, their lives were ruined.Antigones self-confidence and brashness ultimately led to her death. For example, on Creons first day as king he made a decree that no one should bury Polyneisis body. When Antigone heard this, she went to Ismene and asked for her help yet Ismene refused and called her a criminal. Antigone still disagreed, But I will bury him and if I must di e, I say that this abhorrence is holy I shall lie down with him in death(673,55-57) This proved that Antigone was cocky and she was sort of stating that all her wrong doings are holy she is referring to herself as always being right. This affected her though distorting her cyclorama on life.In addition to her argument with Ismene, Antigone and then was caught in the act of burying Polyniesis and was brought in and questioned by Creon. And you Antigone, with your head hanging do you confess this thing(679, 53) When Antigone didnt deny her crime and boasted to the king and the elders, It proves how swollen-headed that she is. If she would have not been so boastful I doubt that Croen would have been so harsh to Antigone. Furthermore, Creon then calls in Ismene to protest against her crime as well. Creon started o believe that she helped Antigone to plot against him.Ismene then lied and give tongue to she did help to Antigones surprise. Antigone become outraged and denied her hand in the deed. Ismene is displeased in antigones punishment, Do you refuse me, Antigone? I want to die with you I too have a duty that I must discharge to the dead(681, 138). Antigone was then enraged further and rebelled against Ismene, You shall not lessen my death by sharing it(681, 139) Antigone is showing self centered and concided she was. She believed that she was so important because she did the right thing by the gods that no one should die except her because she was special.However, Antigone was not the whole major character with this flaw. This proves how arrogance can actually damage anyones life just like it did to Antigone and Creons. Pride and the excess of it played a outsized role in this play, being the tragic flaw of both main characters arrogance is not only a big part of this play but also our history, there will always be people who can never be wrong. Many people are just like Creon and Antigone, always thinking they are right. Is your life headed for a fat e just like Antigones plot?

The culture and management Essay Example for Free

The destination and counseling seekSifangs enlisting of the length of time is fairly flexible from the three months minimum period to the 15 months maximum. From the preliminary experience, Sifang usually prepares three months necessary to advertise and fill a va tidy sumcy if no difficulties were encountered because there was cryptograph specific to contribute the timescale being longer. There are three stages of the recruitment process that influenced the timescales creating and defining the position, advertising, and bail checks.Recruitment victory ratio in Sifang is very high because of the excellent HR plane section. The main call back is that the Sifangs recruitment advertisements only appear on the power system automatic protection field. The advertisements try to line candidates who work in this field and fit the companys person specification. Anformer(a) important reason is the HR department have a carefully selection process such as shortlist, interview, and probation which can reduce the ill luck rate.The culture and management mood of SifangOrganisational culture is a system of knowledge and standards for believing, evaluating and understanding etc that serve to environmental backgrounds (Allaire and Firsirotu 1984), which go out help with the decision making and determine how the business is run. The organisations culture is very much touch on with the way in which people in the organisation interact with each separate, and the typical patterns of interactions that have developed over time.Sifangs organisational culture focuses on honesty, responsibility and professional skills. Meanwhile, Sifang provides a broad stage for personal development. They perpetually keeps in mind that qualified employees, endless self-challenging and management renovation construct the only bridge to success for a high- tech enterprise.From the above description it can be seen that the main organisational culture in Sifang is job culture. Task cu lture focuses on full fulfilling the conveys of the organisation and its problems by working in groups. expertness creativity and flexibility is therefore important. This culture encourages the staffs to take more responsibility and power. Teams will have commentary when determining how a job will be done and their views and opinions will be listened to.For managers to be effective, they need to develop a style of management which suits the culture of the organisation. There are many different styles of management and four main styles are recognised as being effective if used at the even up time and under the right conditions which are autocratic management, consultative management, democratic management, and laissez-faire management.The management style is mainly used in Sifang is consultative. The managers of the company tend to seek other employees within the company for advice ahead making decisions. This type of managers tends to aim to draw on more sources of opinion than just him/herself. The consultative managers will have good listening and also the capability to create the right communication channels to permit him/her to consult with other employees easily. For instance, as part of the consultative management style, Sifang uses suggestion boxes, which makes it easier for employees with new ideas to express their ideas without aroma intimidated. Managers also established an award to encourage staffs who have better suggestions and ideas. These methods bring many advantages to the company.On the other hand, sometimes the Sifangs head office takes the autocratic management style. It trend to give instructions to set the objectives and targets to staffs quite an than asking them for their opinions in some situations. The company takes external recruitment because the top managers believe that the company just now recruit candidates inside business because it will cause another vacancy will be created which ability have to be filled. In the case , the head office/manager is the only one contributing to the decision-making process.The recruitment process is a part of the total organisational strategy plan for business growth. The managers of Sifang believe that market contest ultimately is enterprise talent competition. Therefore, they have attached most importance to recruit talent from its founding. Sifangs organisational culture can impact the process by taking prudent steps. The company only advertises its recruitment on the power system automatic protection field because the culture focuses on professional skills. The honesty, responsibility features can build a good reputation to candidates to make an earlier contribution to the hiring organisation. Overall, the recruitment process in Sifang has become a model of the values and methods to develop the organisation to run in an optimally valet way.The recruitment of staff is a mix of twain consultative and autocratic management styles in Sifang. On the one hand, thro ugh consultative management, managers can always understand what the companys need on the recruitment. On the other hand, the head office autocratically set how much can be spent on the staffs. In the process, the final decisions are only made by managers under the autocratic management. When candidates are in the probation, the HR department only considers the feedback which comes from their managers and ignores the opinions of the candidates colleagues.Compare with the other companys recruitment in the same industry, Dongfang Electronics Information Industry assemblage Co., Ltd (Dongfang), which is a competitor of Sifang. There are some differences because of the different management styles. Sifang has never recruit staffs from familiar environment because of the autocratic management style. On the contrary, Dongfang has approached democratic management style and the company takes a mixture of both internal and external recruitment after group discussion.ConclusionThe report des cribed and tax the recruitment process of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd (Sifang) through analysisd its strengths, weakness, timescales, and success ratio. The companys culture, management style and how these impact in the recruitment process have also be introduced.As I come to a conclusion, I may reiterate the importance of a recruitment process to a business. Without it, corporations and organisations will run the risk of exposure of having unskilled employees and having a low profit margin. To hire people effectively, the HR department must think about the company needs over a longer period rather than simply acquiring next weeks job done. And also, the companys organisational culture and management styles can impact the recruitment process in both positive and negative way.ReferencesBarber, A.E. (1998) Recruiting employees Individual and Organizational Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Sage PublicationsBarclay, J. (1999) Employee Selection A question of Structure,Beardwell, L. Holden, L. (2001) homo Resource management a contemporary approach. Third Edition, London, FT Prentice HillBrown, A. (1995) Organisational Culture. London, Pitman Publishing.

Tok on the Limits of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Tok on the Limits of Knowledge Essaythe diction we pay off does more than communicate our knowledge it shapes what we stinkpot know. Evaluate this claim with reference to diametrical areas of knowledge. At first glance this title seems to be ridiculous. Our style ass have complete admit over what we can know. It seems un managely that on that point is knowledge that cannot be obtained due to the restores of our vocabulary. However when you serve at this in depth it seems to be true. What is vocabulary? Vocabulary are the words we use. Vocabulary has a connection to the word itself and whats behind it.Say the word cow. The word cow is merely only a noise. But we automatically connect this word to the animal. E precise word has this magical touch to it. thinking about vocabulary this way we can begin to see that knowledge is shaped by vocabulary because the words we have have individual meanings behind them. Without any vocabulary to represent unfound knowledge is the re no way for it to be discovered? Different areas of knowledge argue against this idea. Human sciences allow us to perceive and have different observations of vocabulary.If vocabulary can hold different meanings and perceptions to different people and cultures this could potentially allow knowledge to break past the restraint of language. Language also holds its own set of discovers. These rules (Context, comprehension, grammar ) can alter the meanings of words to once again allow for different meanings. Language seems to be solid and rule bound. But this is not the case, Language is creative and open-ended. One problem it is faced with is that what unrivaled person actor when they say something may not be what another person understands when they hear it.This allows for millions of different interpretations. interpretation is very important to the understanding of knowledge. Knowledge runs hand in hand with language, If we fail to interpret On the basis, a general understood m eaning allows us to maintain knowledge whereas these new meaning can attend to us discover knowledge. Language surrounds us wherever we go only we fail to realize it, yet again it plays one of the biggest roles in human life. We use language in almost everything we do. Language is so important because it allows us to break out of our own self knowledge and enter into the minds and understandings of thers through communication. talk is the foundation of knowledge. But communication has its flaws that allow knowledge to become hazy and hard to acquire. One ensample is what one person says might not be what another person understands. This is a huge barrier in communication, which correlates to a huge barrier in knowledge. Think of trying to learn something and having no ground or understanding of the vocabulary used. You are not able to understand this knowledge because you preceptort understand meaning. Meaning is the basis to understanding vocabulary.So to not understand meani ng of vocabulary, we cannot learn knowledge. This is one way vocabulary begins to limit what we can know. You might think an easy solution to this problem would be to just consult a dictionary or ask for a further explanation of the unfamiliar vocabulary. Although this seems promising and easy, we do not always get the result we look for. Communication has its way of be interpreted. Different people and different cultures have their own understandings of words. linguistic process have fuzzy undefined edges to them. exploit explaining the word love.Without much thought you can understand that what it means to you could be completely different to mortal else. Looking at vocabulary this way you can see that it creates a viscous cycle that cannot be conquered. Another problem similar to this one is that vocabulary has words that have something to show for them and some that dont (denotation theory). An example I used earlier is cow, You can look at a cow. Words like these help commu nication which makes knowledge seem to have fewer limits, But its words like wisdom, pride, or freedom that bring up issues in understanding knowledge.Look at the word pride. You can look at examples of pride, but it does not represent one singular thing that is understood by everyone everywhere. Once again this creates the viscous cycle I mentioned earlier, Until we learn to have a fundamentally phonate definition for these words like these will vocabulary no longer limit our knowledge. Now that we have looked at some problems of vocabulary itself we can begin to apply the problems found in communication that limit what we can know. The poet Robert frost observed that rarely do humans ever say exactly what they mean.What he means is that humans during communication will include five problematic meanings. These five are vagueness, Ambiguity, second-string meanings, metaphor, and irony. These five problematic are a huge limitation on communication, if they are not immediately pick ed up on during communication our knowledge is greatly impacted. First is vagueness. Consider the word tall. While interpreted out of context this word has infinite possibilities. Tall means completely different things while talking about how tall you are or talking about how big buildings are in major(ip) cities.

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or international policy for Cultural Heritage Protection Essay Example for Free

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or supranational policy for Cultural inheritance Protection EssayThe main difference between approaches to Cultural Heritage Protection, as discussed by Muller, namely between endeavor-centrism and functionalism is associated with the fact that the first approach regards the ethnical object and its auspices as a value in its consume right, while the latter focuses on the cultural object in the context of its meaning for society and its processes of acculturation and genialization. Object-centrism advocates primacy of the cultural object rather than its value, be it chaste or economic (Muller, 1998). Artworks of the past ar seen as valu fit treasures, and the integrity of entire set of objects produced by a certain culture has to be protected. Object-centrism scholars focus on the primacy of the hereditary pattern object, considering that it has a value lively independently of people that should non be susceptible to any change (Loulanski, 2006, p. 215). This approach also argues for the necessary of protection of information about a given culture, and cultural objects serve as a source of such information.Thus, while archaeology is a typical example of the philosophy of object-centrism, anthropology also fits in the check by virtue of preserving information and data about cultures. As concerns the answer to the question which is at the means of the debate on Cultural Heritage Protection, namely whether nation state or multinational conjunction should be the guardian of cultural heritage, object-centrism only cares about the safety and integrity of the cultural object and not the nature of its stewardship.Proponents of object-centrism argue that practical value of the cultural object is hard to determine, since it might have undersized utility now but be of great importance for future generations. And in the light of olive-sized connection between ancient and modern societies, ancient he ritage is worth preservation in it own right.However, this approach has come in for much criticism Although the object-centric approach seems more sensible for guaranteeing the rights of existence for all told cultural heritage, and modern because it prioritizes the integrity of cultural heritage, it proves to be somewhat illogical and unrealistic (Loulanski, 2006, p. 216). Cultural objects are inherently connected to human societies and histories, thus it is un full-bodied to view them outside of their natural context.Rather than regarding heritage as a set of cultural objects, it should be regarded in the light of public good it is able to create Increasingly cultural heritage is seen as a much broader phenomenon which can contribute to political ideals, to economic prosperity and to social cohesion (Council of Europe, 2000, p. 3). Cultural heritage has been linked to national unity, citizenship, appreciation of diversity, cultural identity and memory, amenity, sustainable develo pment and quality of life.Graham (2002) suggests the concept of heritage as a social construction, imagined, defined and articulated within cultural and economic practice (p. 1003). In my view, functionalism is a more productive approach to cultural heritage protection. However, it poses dome difficulties for historical interpretation, since it denies the idea that cultural objects have value in their own right. Each nation has its own approach to assigning value to and defining functions of cultural objects. Thus, international community might disagree with interpretations suggested by nation stares.It imperative to separate historical interpretation from variant forms of interpretation Historical interpretation must be based on a multidisciplinary archaeological and/or historical study of the site and its surroundings, yet must also indicate clearly and honestly where conjecture, assumption or philosophical reflection begin (Pathways to Cultural Landscapes, 2002 p. 5). The solu tion to the problem is to engage all fire stakeholders in the process of historical interpretation, be they different groups within one society or different countries in the global community.

Memoirs of a Geshia and Andrea Del Sarto Essay Example for Free

Memoirs of a Geshia and Andrea Del Sarto EssayThe film adaptation of Memoirs of a Geshia faithfully depict the context in which it was taken. Woman are portaryed strong feminists in todays society. Sayuris blue eyes symbolise the Japanese culture, as the member of water is often associated with adoption and change, as it can be both a relaxing and a desructive force. Sayuris growth from a young servant to one of the most sought after geshia in her soil water is a good guard against fire. Sayuri is portrayed as being a worthy evasive for the equally formidable element of fire which can be associated with the beautiful but highly heartbreaking Hutsumomo.Both woman of fire and the girl of water illustrate the dominance and power of women in todays society. as both characters were associated with the element of earth, emphasising the power of women in todays society as they have gained power over time. On the other hand, in Andrea del Sarto, Browning rejects the tendency reject s the tendancy of romantics to project all their desires onto a female object .His melodramatic monolouge in the poem is a variation on the theme of men processing women as objects, You beatiful Lucrezia that are mine reveals the artists desire to assert his male dominance over her female passivity. Browning showcases the role of women during the squeamish era and the time as men only refer to them as objects as they were only desired by men for their perfect eyes perfect mouth over time women have generate more powerful as portrayed in Memoirs of a Geshia as the society has recognised and say-so of women.

A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay

A Report On function And touristry Environment touristry Es rateThe purpose of this report is to contemplate the occurrent state of the UK touristry market. This report examines the historical evolution of the start and touristry perseverance in the UK, from ancient time to present in case of importance of organism in songed close, the history bequeath lead us to understand the situation better and cle arr and too it tries to clarify the current structure of the strike and touristry industry in the UK. Since we atomic number 18 facing many effects that economic policies invite on unlike industries, the report also investigates the influence of both local and outside(a) agencies as well as global and national economic policy on tourism industry. The an some separate(prenominal) section which has been explained in the current report is the effects of contri notwithstandinge and conduct on hold up and tourism industry its important to be discussed because of the c lear vision itll give us in planning for the industry. Fin each(prenominal)y it should be noticed that al champion industries use up some pros and cons and knowing them gives planners and managers to avoid making repetitive wrong decisions in that locationfore I exit describe what the positive and negative impacts are on local and the globe by tourism industry. narration and structure of the get going and tourism industryHistorySince Persian king Darius the Great has do the counterbalance generation of roads and accommodation facilities for commuting, thousands of years has been past, its easy to find the footsteps of Egyptians and Romans as ancient give-up the ghostlers, Wikipedia (July 2010) comments that Wealthy hatful find always be activeled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn immature languages, figure new cultures and to taste polar cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Re open, places such as Baiae were popular coas tal resorts for the rich. However, we have different concept of inciteling and tourism today.The word tourism was use by 1811 and tourist by 1780 also the word tour was used by 14th coulomb (Merriam-Websters 11th collegiate dictionary).present based on UNWTO 1993, tourism is defined as The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than than one consecutive year for leisure time, business enterp try out and other purposes.The UK was always one of the pathfinders in history of tourism industry, since many of new travelling system has founded or developed by the UK such as The Elizabethan traveller in the renaissance or the prototypal-ever excursions by Thomas cook, Cox kings attach to.The industry revolution and economic growth formed todays tourism, as a issuance of social changes and commodious take ups for having leisure and recreation in the new born industrial societies.Wikipedia (July 2010) claims that Leisu re travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the joined Kingdom the first European country to conjure leisure time to the increasing industrial population. Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of growthion, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders. These comprised the new middle class.The need for serve led the companies to be founded, 2008 marked the 250th anniversary of the foundation of Cox Kings, the longest schematic travel company in the world. Cox Kings (2010)In the other words, we were facing Democratization of Tourism which has been described by fundament Urry. How has it occurred?Sharply (2006) noted that an historical analysis of tourism development identifies three main periods within which ad hoc forms of tourism push aside be identified1600-1800 a period which witnessed the rise and fall of the Grand Tour, as well as the popularity of spas as the first causa of resort-based tourism e.g. tourism in the Lake Di strict which dates underpin to 1698, when many visitors travelled to the Lake District for the education and the pleasure of the journey.1800-1900 during this period, seaside resorts emerged and grew rapidly. The latter half of the 19th carbon also saw the birth and development of the parcel of land tour, with Thomas Cook being widely considered as the originator of the concept.1900 onwards a period initially defined by increasing domestic tourism but, since the 1960s, by the rapid growth of international mass tourism.The world has experienced a noticeable edition on almost e actually thing while World War II, the tourism wasnt apart and had major(ip) shifts Industries have increasingly become global in the Post-World War II period. Infrastructures and transportation have face up fundamental frequency changes, some of them areUsing motor couches affix in car ownershipIncrease in leisure timeMore useable income and paid holidayJet aircrafts developedComputerized engagement sys temsIntroduction of holiday campsLow cost airlinesLong haul destinationsPackage holidaysSocial changespolitical changesNowadays tourism is affected mostly by new social attitude of government and quite a little toward act of terrorism after 9/11, financial recession in 2009 and growth of the internet and Medias.StructureTravel and tourism industry is really complicated and usually is considered as umbrella industry, since its dependence on a chaw of factors and arenas which are working together, therefore every section should work correctly in order to be successful.This industry encompasses transportation system, accommodations, tour operators, travel agencies, cruise lines, adventure companies, receptive operators, principle bureaus and so on. concord to Rowe et al (2002), Travel and tourism is able to be discussed in several categories, but we basically consort it in these three types that are presented by Diagram1Travel and TourismDomestic TourismInbound TourismOutbound To urismFigure 1Domestic tourism is when mass from a country carry on holidays, short breaks and day trip in their own homeland. ilk a couple who take a two days break to visit their relatives in their own country.Inbound tourism is when some people immortalise to another country form their home country. Like a business group which enter England in order to attend a conference.Outbound tourism this terms is used when the people travel form their own country to visit the other part of the world for leisure or baseness. Like an Iranian family who goes to The U.S just for leisure.In the chart below the topic of both inbound and outbound tourism in the UK have been compared since 2008 National Statistic Online (2010)Figure2 reference National Statistic OnlineThere is also another model suggested by Leiper in 1990, according to Cooper et al, (2008) there are three basic elements of Leipers modelTouristsTourists are different in what their goals are and what they are travel for but th ey are the first ring of this chain.Geographical elementsTraveler-generating constituentTourist destination regionTourist route regionThe tourism arenaFigure 3Some of the tourism sector embroilsInternational or national tourism systems e.g. UNWTO, VisitbritainTransportation system e.g. airlines, track system, ocean liners, rental cars, buses Accommodations e.g. hotels, BBs, time share complex, campingTour operators, wholesalers, travel agencies, adventure companies, receptive operators, convention bureausVisitors attractions e.g. museums, ancient monuments, landscapesLets put Leipers model in practice with an example, a British young couple is traveling to Brazil in order to spend their honeymoon in Rio Rio is famous for its great beaches. They fly by British Air Line, and booked a five star hotel at the beach through the internet. This package was designed by Travel to Heaven which is a wholesaler but they have bought it from a travel agency near their home in Sheffield. They are going to take the train to London since the escape cock is form Heathrow air port.A young couple is tourist.Geographical elements.Sheffield (England) is tourist generating region.Rio (Brazil) is tourist destination region.pickings the train from Sheffield and flying form Heathrow forms transit route region.Tourism elements are busyly Travel to Heaven, a small travel agency, a five star hotel, catering, national and international organizations, and so on.Tourism and travel Industry sometimes get impact of Integrations in companies which are an important occurrence firstly we have to know that there are two kinds of integration, Horizontal and upended.According to Travel and Tourism Publishing (2010)Vertical integration in the travel industry is when a company has control over other companies that are at different levels in the chain of distribution or in different sectors for instance, TUI Travel UK owns Thomson and outset Choice tour operating businesses, and the Thomson and First Choice travel agency arrange.Thomas Cook AG (a German group) owns the Thomas Cook and MyTravel tour operating companies (including Airtours), plus the Thomas Cook and Going Places chains of travel agencies.Horizontal integration is when a company owns or has control over a number of companies at the same level in the distribution chain or the same industry sector for instance, many tour operating businesses that are now part of the big two were originally separate companies, e.g. Neilson and Club 18-30 (now part of the Thomas Cook Group), and Something Special and the Holiday Cottages Group (now merged with Thomson).These examples have made signifi elicitt fluctuations in this industry both locally and globally.The influence of local and national governments and international agencies on the travel and tourism industryThe nature of tourism industry as one of the worlds largest industries, employing approximately 235 one thousand thousand people and generating over 9.2 per c ent of world GDP, delinquent to its complex structure and its involvement in hundreds of different unit, cause it to be affected by the local and national governments as well as tourism organizations and agencies both domestically and globally.Figure 1 from Charles et al (2006) shows, all of these functions must be carried out with a senior high degree of cooperative interaction between the public and private sectors.Figure 4 Source Tourism principle, practice and philosophies governings which lead tourism and travel industry are classified in intravenous feeding levels some of these organizations are briefly described below, in addition it should be mentioned that Iran and turkey have been selected as samples most national organizations.International organizations and agenciesUNWTO The World Tourism presidency (UNWTO/OMT) is a specialized agency of the join nations and the leading international organization in the field of tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism pol icy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how. UNWTO (September 2010).WTTC The World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) is the forum for business leaders in the Travel Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the worlds leading Travel Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a whimsical mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel Tourism. WTTC (September 2010).IATA It is an international trade body, fixd over 60 years ago by a group of airlines. Today, IATA represents some 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduledinternational air traffic. The organization also represents leads and serves the airline industry in general.IATA (September 2010)Other organizations which have direct or indirect partings in tourism such as WHO, IFC, IBRD, ICAO, UNESCO, OECD and so onregional organizationsPATA The Pacific Asia Travel Association is a not-for-profit membership association dedicated to building responsible travel to, from and within the Pacific Asia Region. PATA (September 2010)ETC The European Travel Commission (ETC) is an association of National Tourism Organizations (NTOs). It was created in 1948 to promote Europe as a destination to long-haul tourism markets. Visiteurope (September 2010)National organizationsICHTO Iran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization is responsible for culture heritage, handy crafts and tourism. Museums, hospitality sectors, catering services. Managing private sectors encircle organization duties.KULTUR Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a national organization which is in charge of tourism in Turkey.local anesthetic organizationsGCHTO Guilan Culture Heritage and Tourism Organization is a local organization that acts in Guilan province find in north of Iran.THA capital of Iran Hotels Association, this association works to develop hotels and manage hospitality issues in Tehran the capital of Iran. Every province has its own association.These organizations are in charge of lead ing, managing, developing and making polices for expanding sustainable tourism criteria. Interrelate between these organizations is very crucial, since they are managing a massive industry.For example UNWTO is well-known for its unique statistics and surveys, also Charles et al (2006) declare that UNWTO has a central and decisive purpose in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism, with the aim of contributing to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity, and universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In pursuing this aim, WTO pays particular attention to the interests of the developing countries in the field of tourism. Its not only this organization involve in different regional projects, for instance the project of Silk road an ancient 12,000 Km form Asia to Europe. UNWTO is working on poverty soothing and omission through sustainable tourism, protecting children from sexual evolution in tourism, crisis management, ecotourism, and safety and security.A advantageously example for cooperation between all these organizations in different levels give the bounce be Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan this museum has been founded in 2005 with approximately four million dollars investment, its now in seventh phase. Its the first eco-museum in Iran. UNESCO, ICOM (international council of museum), university of Tehran, ICHTO, GCHTO, Financial sponsors and local communities involved in founding this museum as an unique experience in Iran.Here in this part of the report we are going to investigate what are the influences of these sectors on tourism in addition the condition of these organizations and their effects will be examined in Iran.Naturally habit of the government in sum upitarian systems and communist regimes is more than the other sectors, because in these kinds of systems almost everything in all levels is controlled by the government. In addit ion finding suitable teaching based on reliable statistic is a troublesome action indeed.There are lots of outcomes green goddess be identified in Iran during lowest few decades, for instance since Islamic revolution, Iran has faced fundamental fluctuations in politics, ideology, international relationship, economy and so on. completely of these elements obviously influenced tourism industry, for example after the revolution many western countries werent interested to visit Iran mainly, because of the nasty face that the totalitarian regime of Iran had and also because of eight years war among Iran and Iraq which made the region unsafe, also partly because of limitation in social freedom for example in clothing or drinking.Political Issues and policiesSanctions after sanctions is what shows how bitter is the situation of Irans policy in international community however in tourism destinations and attractions in the world ranking, Iran is in top twenties but in multi billion dolla r tourism business its just near the finish line.Its hard to approve that you are not a terrorist as an ordinary citizen of Iran when you are preparing to travel to other countries the adjoin for getting visa is a pain due to political policy which Iran has and the feedback of the international community.Traveling to Iran form some countries is hard and sometimes impossible, for instance Israel and the United States.Political stability was threatened by 2009 presidential race and deception in the result which ends with unripened Movement protests. This has decreased all domestic, outbound and inbound tourism, thus the investment in privet sector has declined. frugal Issues and policiesThe effect of economic issues is mostly touchable in domestic and outbound tourism not inbounds. stinging taxes is an encouraging policy offered by government in order to increase privet sector role in tourism.Investing in tourism industry due to interest rate, inflation and economic stability ties with high risk, the interest rate in Iran is about 15% 25% and the inflation is usually more than 12% and mostly about 20%.Inbound tourism is benefiting with cheaper expenses thank to the currency power, one $ US is about 10,000 IRR.Traveling by personal cars has been dramatically fall as a result of the policy of development Intelligent Fuel Cards that has been done by the government to reduce the petrol consumption in Iran.Other issues and policiesGetting justification in order to run a business for private sector in Iran is a complicated and inexplicable process. A person who wants to invest in tourism handle should pass many filters and tests which arent necessarily relevant to the travel and tourism industry.There was a gradual rise in government employees travel by offering Expedition Cards from the government sector. People mint use it to decrease their expenses while traveling.Educating and encouraging people to travel by advertising through the public Medias has made a fluctuation.Producing statistics and information is forgotten by authorities, and practically there isnt any reliable information about tourism industry.The new policy of government is to invest in health tourism thanks to Irans great infrastructure and substructure in this case.Investigate the effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism industryPlanning for enormous industries such tourism is much more vital today, so there should be a wise vision of what we have as facts and what is forecasted for the future. In addition analyzing supply and demand is a consequential procedure in a flourishing industry.As its been mentioned in the first task there are some models which illustrate structure of tourism, but it also can be defined with this two components Cooper et al (2008)Demand-side definitionsSupply-side definitionsSince demand-side has an immense influence on supply-side, even we can say that supply is a function of demand, demand as a key factor of tourism industry w ill be discussed in this task.Indeed definition of demand is varying in the different subjects for example the explanation of demand in Economy whitethorn is differ with the definition in Psychology or Geography. But lets clarify according to Page (2007) tourism demand has been defined in numerous ways, includingThe total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, to use tourist facilities and services at places away from their places of work and houseThe relationship between individuals motivation to travel and their ability to do soThe schedule of the amount of any product or service which people are willing and able to buy at each circumstantial price in a set of possible prices during a specified period of time.Each of these definitions in tourism has some elements according to cooper et al (2008) there are three elements in tourism demandDemand elementsActual demandstifled demandNo demandFigure 5Effective or actual demand is the number of people participating in tourism , commonly verbalised as the number of travelers. For instance thousands of people went to see World shape in South Africa.Suppressed demand, which consists of the proportion of the population who are unable to travel because of, circumstances e.g. lack of purchasing power or lack of holidays. There were some people that liked to go and involve in World form but due to some circumstances like lack of money they couldnt make it.No demand includes those members of the population who have no desire to travel and those who are unable to travel due to family commitments or illness or they choose to spend their income on the other things rather than tourism. About the World Cup my brother is not interested in football at all so he should be in no demand category. Or may be some people are tie to enter South Africa so they are potentially categorized in no demand.As you can see all three elements can be explained in both geographical regions discussed by Leipers model.This may be an in teresting question that Why do people go on holiday? So lets see what motivations are, and what forms demand to travel. Knowing this is absolutely significant as a result of the importance of demand role in enhancement of tourism.Tourism demand determinants are different and a lot but most of the experts, despite of new determinants like globalization and environmentalism, believe that Uysel 1998 has explained these factors wisely. Figure 6 is his model in demand determinants.For better understanding lets have some examples, through these samples some of these determinants will be discussed, deem an archeologist wants to visit Ancient Iran Museum to see Cyrus the great cylinder which is the first human right result that had kept in British museum beforehand. She wasnt able to go to Britain because it was not affordable for her for many reasons like her disposable income wasnt enough, tourism price is high and exchange rate is dramatically upward but now she can easily see it (Econ omical determinants).Also if even she was able to pay for this travel she wasnt able to leave Iran, due to social and psychological reasons for example her father doesnt let her daughter leave Iran before she gets married, also she didnt have enough time for spending, and she is afraid of flying and so on (Social psychological determinants).Or think about an adventurous group interested in mount climbing and intend to go to Himalaya mountain range. both Afghanistan and Nepal are good but due to war, terrorism, level of development in infrastructure and superstructure Nepals chance is more than Afghanistan (Exogenous determinants).Figure 6 Source Reproduce form Tourism management managing for changeIncreasing tourism demand is led by two types of factors, Internal and External external factors are those related to touch of person such as income and social condition. Internal factors are base on individual necessitate like health education and personal interests.In addition demand c hanges under many other circumstances through consumer behavior and decision process, cooper et al (2008) claim that decision making process as a system made up of four basic elementsEnergizers of demand. These are the forces and influences that collectively create the motivation to travel or go on holiday.Effectors of demand. The information process and subsequent get decisions are influenced by the tourists knowledge and perceptions of particular places, destinations or experiences. These are the pull factors which lead the tourist to making particular travel choices.Roles and the decision-making process. Here, the important role is that of the family member who normally involved in the different stage of purchase process and the final resolution of decisions about when, where ad how the group will consume the tourism product.Determinants of demand. A variety of economic, social and psychological factors determine particular choices or filter out inappropriate products. These inc lude tangible or descriptive demand factors, such as Mobility Employment and income Paid holiday entitlement learning levels Demographic variables age, gender, race, stage in the family life cycle.In the other hand studying demand can clarify vital data which are main requirements for contriving future plans includingNumber of visitors arrivedMeans of transportation distance of stayingType of accommodationMoney expenditure and so onThese data and lots of other enlarge can be deriving by analyzing the demand statistics and information.Now that there is a very good perception of demand in tourism we have to see what direct and indirect influences it has on supply, or in the other word how supply changes to meet demand. Some examples will clarify how the system is. globalisation has changed the globe in many ways Medias, internet and satellites are playing a massive role in forming tourism demand these days and of course supply side used this as an opportunity. network booking, inte rnational ads, online packages and virtual tours are all important for demand side and tourists. Thanks to these changes, now there are lots of online sites which serve consumers before making a decision. These web sites and TV ads are very important to conceptualize tourists mind beforehand. Its significant since it influences consumer behavior based on determinants that we discussed in advance.The number of visitors during a year is different, for example during summer only a few people wants to visit Sahara desert or in the winter many people intend to go ski in Europe. Low succession and High season are tow different concept which supply side should be sure of, the policies for these two occasions should be different, for example offering lower price services to attract people in low season may is one of the strategies. Also in the high season pose new flights can be helpful in order to cover all visitors.Environmentalism as a new issue has changed the world view of point abo ut many things, for example hotels try to be greener in order to pull more customers toward. Or tour packages to North Pole have been established as a result of increasing pattern of demand to visit ice melting phenomenon and being informed of what is going on in reality.Tourism is a rapidly growing phenomenon and has become one of the largest industries in theworld. The impact of tourism is extremely varied. On one hand, it plays an important and receivedlypositive role in the socio-economic and political development in destination countries by, for instance,offering new employment opportunities. Also, in certain instances, it may contribute to a broadercultural understanding by creating awareness, respecting the diversity of cultures and ways of life. Onthe other hand, as a tool to create jobs, it has not fulfilled its expectations. At the same time, complaintsfrom tourist destinations concerning massive negative impacts upon environment, culture and residentsways of life have gi ven rise to a demand for a more sustainable development in tourism. Differentparties will have to be involved in the process of developing sustainable tourism. This section focuseson what the tourism industry itself can do in order to increase its sustainability, defines three majorproblems, and suggests possible tourism initiatives to help solve these problems. Other problemsshould also be included in the discussion for it to become exhaustive.Wikipedia (July 2010)(Merriam-Websters 11th collegiate dictionary)Word Tourism Organization 1993.Sharply (2006)Rowe et al (2002),National Statistic Online (2010) online http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=352Accessed 20 July 2010Cooper et al, 2008Cox Kings (2010) Centuries of Experience onlinehttp//www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx, Accessed 20 July 2010Travel and Tourism Publishing (2010) online www.tandtpublishing.co.uk/acatalog/pdf/unit12ppt.ppt Accessed 27 July 2010unwto (september2010)wttc (September 2010)IATA (Septem ber 2010)PATA (September 2010)http//www.visiteurope.com/Footer/About-usCharles et al (2006)Task 5Impact of tourism, UN PDF